Single-Use Versus Reusables: The Good, The Bad and The Yucky

Single-use versus Reusable Foodservice Packaging: The Good, the Bad, and the Yucky

Foodservice packaging like paper and plastic cups, plates and bowls were invented over 100 years ago to provide a more sanitary alternative to their reusable counterparts and help protect public health. Over the years, the Foodservice Packaging Institute has commissioned independent studies with third-party laboratories to confirm the sanitary advantage of single-use foodservice packaging over reusables.

Before you choose that ceramic mug over a paper or plastic cup, you may want to know what the latest study shows. In 2012, health inspectors visited 30 different foodservice establishments in Sacramento County, Calif. and swabbed nearly 300 single-use cups, plates, bowls and cutlery and their reusable counterparts. These swabs were sent to a laboratory for testing, and here’s what they found:

    • Evidence of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus – bacteria that can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills – was below the detection limit on both the single-use and reusable items. Certainly good news for the foodservice industry.
    • Not such good news when it comes to coliform bacteria, which is usually traced back to fecal matter (ewww!) and can cause bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting and occasionally fever. If that’s not bad enough, it can be fatal in the young, elderly and immune-compromised. The results of the swabs taken in Sacramento County showed evidence of coliforms on four percent of reusable items and on none of the single-use items. Hmm, wonder what would have happened to those lucky customers if they had been served the reusable plate, bowl and spoon that the laboratory determined had over six times the coliforms?!?!

Another test was the mere presence of bacteria, which could indicate a food safety or public health hazard. Single-use items were again shown to be more sanitary, with statistically significant lower bacteria counts compared to the reusable items. Consider these test results:

    • Over one-third (gulp!) of the reusable plates and bowls tested had higher than acceptable microbial levels, compared to nine percent of single-use cups.
    • One quarter of the reusable forks, knives and spoons tested had higher than acceptable microbial levels, compared to just over ten percent of single-use cups.
    • Seventeen percent of reusable cups tested had higher than acceptable microbial levels, compared to only seven percent of single-use cups.

Time after time, sanitation studies prove that single-use Foodservice Packaging is The Sensible Solution.

Foodservice Packaging and… Litter Prevention

Litter is a pervasive problem in the United States today. Refuse may be blown out of overflowing trash bins, inexcusably tossed by consumers onto streets and into yards, or illegally dumped into waterways. The role of foodservice packaging in the litter stream is often perceived to be greater than reality. For example, a 2009 study conducted for Keep America Beautiful found that fast food packaging (the greatest component of all foodservice packaging) contributed less than six percent to total litter.

But, less than six percent is still too much. FPI members sponsor, participate in or have established numerous litter reduction and education programs including:

    • Joining and participating in national and state Keep America Beautiful programs;
    • Designing and implementing anti-litter education programs; and
    • Sponsoring independent community programs to prevent and reduce littering.

Littering is unsightly, unpleasant and potentially harmful to public health and animal and marine life. FPI believes everyone must play a role in reducing it.

Updated October 2012

Guidance Document for Qualifying Ovenable Packaging

Leak Test: Hot Cups Poly-Coated

Capacity of Cups and Containers Standard